![]() Results Seventy-six CYP2D6 genotypes were characterized for 530 service personnel. Blood and urine samples were collected, with PQ and metabolites were measured using ultraperformance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Methods CYP2D6 genotypes and phenotypes of 550 service personnel were determined, and the pharmacokinetics (PK) of a 30-mg oral dose of PQ was measured in 45 volunteers. ![]() Evidence suggests that the hepatic isoenzyme cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is the key enzyme required to convert PQ into its active metabolite. ![]() Hand dominance should be considered to compare healthy and affected sites during US of PQ while investigating for occult fractures of distal forearm or PQ atrophy due to anterior interosseous nerve injury.Ībstract Background Plasmodium vivax malaria requires a 2-week course of primaquine (PQ) for radical cure. Conclusions: A statistically significant difference exists between dominant and non-dominant hands in CSA and muscle thickness measured by US in both right and left handed volunteers, and this is correlated with handgrip strength. There were also significantly high correlations between the measurements of CSA and PQ thickness of the corresponding extremity in both right-handed and left-handed volunteers (p<0.05). These measurements were correlated with the handgrip strength (p<0.05, r=0.55, and r=0.43 for right-handed volunteers, r=0.67 and r=0.48 for left-handed volunteers, respectively). Significant difference was detected between dominant and non-dominant hands in CSA and muscle thickness in both right and left-handed volunteers (p<0.05). Results: Eighty-nine healthy volunteers were included (54 right and 35 left-handed). Handgrip was measured by using adjustable-handle dynamometer. CSA of PQ muscle was digitally drawn and calculated on the axial plane. The sonographic appearance of the PQ was evaluated on sagittal and axial images for both hands. Handedness was assessed via The Flinders Handedness survey. Materials and methods: Healthy adults from the volunteer medical staff were included in the study. Secondly, we also aimed to document the extent of the relationship between the PQ measurements and handgrip. The results showed that hydrogen water ameliorated these alterations, demonstrating that hydrogen water alleviated paraquat-induced acute lung injury possibly by inhibition of oxidative damage.Īims: We ascertained effects of hand dominance in both right and left-handed volunteers on the thickness and cross sectional area (CSA) of pronator quadratus (PQ) muscle as measured by the axial and sagittal views of ultrasound imaging. Both biochemical and histological lung alterations were measured. The rats in control group and HW group drank pure water or hydrogen water the rats in PQ group and PQ + HW group were intraperitonealy injected with paraquat (35 mg/kg) and then provided pure water or hydrogen water. Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control group hydrogen water-only group (HW group) paraquat-only group (PQ group) paraquat and hydrogen water group (PQ + HW group). Here, we investigated whether consumption of saturated hydrogen saline protects rats against paraquat-induced acute lung injury. Recent studies have reported that consumption of water with dissolved molecular hydrogen to a saturated level (hydrogen water) prevents oxidative stress-induced diseases. Exposure to paraquat leads to acute lung injury and oxidative stress is widely accepted as a contributor to paraquat-induced acute lung injury.
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